GARP 2024 Climate and Nature Risk Symposium

Patrick Amis is head of the Directorate General Specialised Institutions and LSIs at the European Central Bank, trusted with direct supervision of 55 significant banks and other institutions within the European Single Supervision Mechanism. He is also in charge of the integration of climate-related risks into the European Central Banks’ supervisory approach.

Before his current appointment he joined the ECB in March 2014 as deputy director general at the Directorate General Micro-Prudential Supervision I — responsible for the direct supervision of the 30 largest and most-complex institutions in the Eurozone — and then as director general of LSI oversight.

Before joining the ECB, Amis had a supervisory career in the Banque de France in line supervision and prudential policy. He has also chaired working groups on accounting — in the Basel Committee and in the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) — and was Deputy Secretary General of CEBS.

Lisa co-heads the Impax Sustainability Centre. As the Global Head of Sustainability & Stewardship she is responsible for sustainability and stewardship in Impax’s investments and for the sustainability insights in the firm’s Beyond Financial Returns activities, such as product development and reporting. She co-chairs Impax’s Sustainability Lens committee and is a member of Impax’s Senior Leadership Team.

Lisa joined Impax in 2010. She started working in the financial industry in 1999 and previously worked as an executive director in the Investment Management Division of Goldman Sachs in London.

She is actively participating in industry working groups and advisory councils furthering sustainable practices in industry organisations such as the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) and the International Corporate Governance Network (ICGN). She is a member of the Nominations Board of Kemira Oyj, Finland and a former Trustee of the International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED).

Lisa has an MSc in Environment and Development from the London School of Economics and an MSc in Finance from the Hanken School of Economics, Finland.

Mr. Gordon S. Bennett has been Managing Director at Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE) since February 2015. Mr. Bennett is responsible for the sales and business development of ICE’s global environmental portfolio, the world’s largest environmental marketplace. 

He is a member of the Board of ICE Endex, ICE Futures Abu Dhabi, Spark Commodities and a member of the Strategic Advisory Board of BeZero Carbon. He contributes to a wide range of external environmental and energy market initiatives including a member of the Nature Based Solutions Taskforce of the Sustainable Markets Initiative, the Transition to Net Zero Working Group of the Climate Financial Risk Forum, the City of London VCM Steering Committee, the VCMI Stakeholder Forum, the Advisory Board of the University of Cambridge Energy Policy Research Group and was named Environmental Finance’s sustainable business leader of the year in 2022. 

Prior to ICE, Mr. Bennett spent 12 years at the global energy broker, Spectron, joining as Group Financial Controller and latterly serving as Chief Executive Officer. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales. 

David Carlin leads risk programming for UNEP- Finance Initiative (UNEP FI). He has worked with over 100 financial institutions on topics of climate scenarios, climate risk assessments, and sustainability regulation. He and his team support financial actors across the world to develop best practices for managing environmental risks and identifying environmental opportunities.  

He currently advises UNEP FI’s Task Force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) and the Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA). He has also been a technical advisor to the Glasgow Financial Alliances for Net Zero (GFANZ). He is the founder of Cambium Global Solutions, which helps governments, corporations, and financial institutions address the most pressing environmental challenges and thrive in a changing world. 

He is also a contributor to Forbes, where he writes about climate change and leadership and a senior associate at Cambridge’s Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL). David has worked as a Principal in Finance, Risk, and Public Policy for Oliver Wyman and in Model Risk Management for PNC Bank. His background is in quantitative modeling and decision science. He conducted research in financial decision-making at Carnegie Mellon University and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Williams College. 

Dr. Ron S. Dembo has been an Associate Professor at Yale, visiting professor at MIT, consultant to Goldman Sachs and other large corporations and banks, and an author. He founded Algorithmics which he grew to become the largest supplier of enterprise financial risk systems to banks worldwide before selling it to Fitch. IBM later acquired the firm. 

Ron was made a lifetime fellow of the Fields Institute of Mathematics in 2007 for his contribution to Canadian Mathematics, and has received many awards for his work in optimization risk management and climate change. Currently he is Founder and CEO of RiskThinking.AI, a leader in data and analytics for measuring climate financial risk. He has published many articles in scientific journals and has been awarded numerous worldwide patents.

Panayiotis Dionysopoulos joined ISDA in March 2014, working to advance ISDA’s aims and objectives relating to risk and capital issues. Panayiotis is heading the Capital team at ISDA and the work involves producing industry position papers covering key topics in derivatives, public policy and financial regulation with the support of quantitative impact analysis. The Capital Department is closely involved in the global implementation of all aspects of Basel III, Sustainable Finance and Digital Assets particularly focusing on regulation pertinent to the trading book.

Before joining ISDA, Panayiotis was Treasury Manager at RBS specialising in capital management and Basel III implementation. He also worked in Product Control at ABN AMRO where he started his career. 

Panayiotis holds a MSc in Accounting & Control from Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA). Recently he received the INSEAD Executive Certificate in Global Management.

As head of climate at the Bank of England, Chris Faint has responsibility for developing and implementing the Bank's strategic approach to climate change across all of its policy operations. He has been particularly focused on the PRA’s supervisory approach to addressing the financial risks arising from climate change and the development of the Bank's climate scenario analysis exercise (the CBES), which launched in June 2021.

Anthony is Deputy Chair of the Climate Risk and Resilience team at Howden and a well-known global leader in the fields of climate finance, law, international policy development, philanthropy and sustainability where he has worked since 1990. He speaks and write widely on these topics. He is a qualified solicitor. In 2014 Anthony was invited by the then UN Secretary General to address the UN Climate Summit from the UN General Assembly Hall. 

Anthony is also currently Chair of the Inevitable Policy Response (IPR), Adjunct Professor at the Singapore Institute for Technology, Chair of the Climate Action Advisory Board, Co-Chair of the Carbon Tracker Advisory Board, Member of the Climate Bonds Advisory Board and member of the Editorial Board of the journal Carbon & Climate Law Review (CCLR). He is a former Executive Fellow at the World Economic Forum's Centre for Nature and Climate, Executive Director at the Mission Possible Partnership, CEO at the Carbon Tracker Initiative, Global Head, Climate Finance and Sustainability & Partner at the Global Law Firm, Norton Rose Fulbright and General Counsel to the €1bn climate fund at Climate Change Capital.

Abyd Karmali is a Managing Director, Environmental Business Advisory at Bank of America based in London. From 2007-2014, he served as Marrill Lynch’s (subsequently BofA ML) Global Head of Carbon Markets. In 2014, he became part of the team supporting the bank’s broader capital deployment commitment to mobilise $1.5 trillion in sustainable finance by 2030. He has worked far more than 30 years on climate change and sustainable finance and was made and Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) for these efforts in the Queen’s New Year’s Honours List for 2019. In 2022, Financial News included Abyd in its inaugural list of ‘The 50 Most Influential in Sustainable Finance’ and he received the same accolade in 2023. 

Before joining the financial sector in 2007, he was a partner in a management consulting firm in Washington DC, Toronto, and London where he advised companies on their climate strategy and also spent two years with the United Nations Environment Programme in Paris as Energy and Climate Change Programme Officer. From 2013 to 2015, Mr. Karmali was selected to serve as one of two inaugural private sector representatives to the Board of the UN Green Climate Fund in Songdo, South Korea. 

His current advisory roles include the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), the Global Innovation Lab on Climate Finance, and the Climate Advisory Group for philanthropic coalition Climate Leadership Initiative. He also serves on the Judging Panel for Sustainable Development category of the King’s Award for Enterprise, the Board of the International Emissions Trading Association, India Advisory Board of NGO The Climate Group, and the Board of NatureFinance. He holds an MS in Technology and Policy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Sean Kidney is CEO of the Climate Bonds Initiative, an international NGO, working to mobilize global capital for climate action. Projects include a green bond definitions and certification scheme with $34 trillion of assets represented on its Board; working with the Chinese central bank on how to grow green bonds in China; market development programs in Brazil, Mexico, ASEAN and Africa; and market tracking services for the green bonds industry. He is a member of the European Commission's Platform on Sustainable Finance, and was a member of its predecessors, the 2017 EU High Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance and the EU Technical Expert Group on Sustainable Finance. He is also a member of green finance committees in China, India, Mexico and Kazakhstan. Sean is also a Professor in Practice at SOAS University of London.

Professor Tim Lenton is founding Director of the Global Systems Institute at the University of Exeter and Chair in Climate Change and Earth System Science. He has more than 25-years research experience, focused on modelling of the biosphere biogeochemical cycling and climate and associated tipping points. His books ‘Revolutions that made the Earth’ (with Andrew Watson) and ‘Earth System Science: A Very Short Introduction’ have popularized a new scientific view of our planetary home. Tim co-authored the widely used ‘Planetary Boundaries’ framework and is renowned for his work identifying climate tipping points, which informed the setting of the 1.5oC climate target and associated net zero targets and nationally determined contributions.

Dr Karl Mallon is the Co-founder and Director of Science and Engineering at XDI (Cross Dependency Initiative). With a background in both Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Karl has worked in climate change mitigation, policy and technical analysis since 1991, and has specialised in climate adaptation since 2005. His team’s pioneering work in developing technology to quantify the cost of extreme weather to the built environment led to the development of the Climate Risk Engines in 2012. Today, the Climate Risk Engines are one of the most flexible, powerful and trusted sources of physical climate risk data in the world, delivering analysis to governments, corporations and the finance sector globally.

Karl is editor and co-author of ‘Renewable Energy Policy and Politics: A Handbook for Decision Making’ published by Earthscan (London) and a contributing author for ‘Practical Adaptation Studies’, published by Wiley. Karl is also a founding board member of The Climate Bonds Initiative (London).

Emily is the Technical Director at the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). She has worked for 20 years integrating nature in policy, finance, economics and decision-making. Most recently, she led the analytical team that produced the independent, global Dasgupta Review on the Economics of Biodiversity, based at HM Treasury in the UK.

Emily previously was seconded to the Capitals Coalition Technical Group where she helped develop the Natural Capital Protocol. Emily worked for a decade in the WWF Global Science team, where she helped establish and lead the Natural Capital Project at Stanford University. She also helped design the Environmental Land Management scheme in England – a major national agricultural subsidy reform programme – based at the UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Other previous roles include working with the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission.

Liam has been leading the measurement of climate risk for Barclays over the past 5 years, focusing on financed emissions and financial risk models – this includes Barclays BlueTrack methodology in 2020 and the CBES in 2021 – and is now leading the build-up of Barclays analytical capabilities in Nature. Liam is also chartered accountant with 15 years of risk management experience working for banks and consultancies.

Kunal leads the centralized Climate Risk function at Citi, responsible for building out the strategy and integrating climate risk management capabilities into governance and risk processes across the organization; including portfolio risk identification, credit assessments, scenario analysis, data, and analytics. 

Prior to his current role, Kunal was the Lead for Country Risk, Portfolio Oversight and Climate Change for the EMEA Region, and Country Risk Officer for Southern Europe. Kunal started his career at Citi in 2004 in Investment Banking covering Financial Institutions in New York and London, before moving to Risk Management in 2014. Kunal is a Chartered Accountant and holds an MBA.

Dr. Maxine Nelson is a Senior Vice President at the GARP Risk Institute, GARP’s research and thought leadership arm, where she focusses on climate financial risk management. 

She has extensive experience in risk, capital and regulation gained from a wide-ranging variety of roles, including Global Head of Wholesale Risk Analytics and Head of Capital Planning at HSBC, significantly expanding counterparty credit risk management at the UK Financial Services Authority during the last financial crisis, leading the credit risk team at KPMG London, senior credit risk consultant at Oliver Wyman, and embedding operational risk analytics globally at National Australia Bank. Maxine has a degree in mechanical engineering and a PhD characterizing how best to apply probability theory to real world problems.

Jo Paisley has worked on a variety of risk areas at GRI, including stress testing, operational resilience, model risk management, and climate risk. Jo’s career began at the Bank of England where she worked in various economist roles, ran the Statistics Division, and spent the last part of her career in supervision. Her last role was as a Director of the Supervisory Risk Specialist Division within the Prudential Regulation Authority. This area provided deep technical risk expertise to front line supervisors across all risk disciplines, covering banking and insurance. She was also heavily involved in the design and execution of the U.K.’s first concurrent stress test in 2014.

Jo left the Bank in 2015 and joined HSBC as their Global Head of Stress Testing, where she was responsible for ensuring that they met all their regulatory stress testing requirements around the world. She has also worked as an independent stress testing consultant, advising firms on how to get the most value out of stress testing. Jo studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Magdalen College, Oxford, before completing her MPhil in Economics at Nuffield College, Oxford.

Bill Powell has been Head of Environmental, Social and Climate Change Risk for Santander UK since 2021, having joined the bank in 2018 as Head of Liquidity Risk where he developed the bank’s inaugural climate-related liquidity stress scenarios. Bill is now responsible for all aspects of ESG Risk management including enterprise-wide climate scenario analysis, greenwashing risk oversight, and reporting (including emerging nature-related disclosures).

Prior to joining Line 2, Bill had an extensive Treasury career spanning 14 years at RBS and covering all elements of Asset and Liability Management, most latterly as Global Head of Liquidity. The move into Risk, and an increasing focus on sustainability issues, came alongside studying Environmental Science with The Open University, which he continues to the current day at post-graduate level. Bill’s passion for biodiversity and hydrology started before his banking career when at The Co-Operative Farms where he developed crop yield models for arable farming – themes that both have specific relevance to understanding today’s Financial Services ESG Risk landscape.

Bill has been a contributing author for the Bank of England’s Climate Financial Risk Forum guides since 2019, and regularly lectures for the ALMA Climate Change course for Treasury professionals and other Financial Services events.

Rene has been in JPMorgan for 16 years. He is responsible for embedding the firmwide climate and environmental risk management framework across the legal entities in the EMEA region. As part of his role, Rene leads cross-functional work to help the Firm deliver against regulatory expectations for managing climate risk and to align the framework to best practices in the industry. Prior to his current role, Rene was Head of EM EMEA for Country Risk Management, managing country portfolios across all businesses and working as ratings advisor to numerous sovereigns globally.

Dr. Nicola Ranger is Executive Director of the Oxford Martin Programme on Systemic Resilience and leads the Resilience and Development programme of the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. She is also co-Chair of the Global Resilience Index Initiative, Director of the Resilience Finance Lab and a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for New Economic Thinking of the Oxford Martin School. 

Nicola specialises in the integration of risk and sustainability issues within decision making and is passionate about the role of finance in sustainability, resilience and inclusive development. She works globally with financial institutions, Central Banks, Governments and International Finance Institutions both to mobilise finance for resilience and sustainability goals and to develop solutions to build resilience globally to shocks. Nicola also holds multiple advisory roles, including as a member of the European Commission High Level Expert Group on Sustainable Investment in Low and Middle Income Economies, an Academic Visitor at the Bank of England and more. 

Prior to joining Oxford, Nicola held senior roles in the Smith School, World Bank, DFID (now FCDO), the London School of Economics, Defra, HM Treasury and Risk Management Solutions (now Moody's). She completed her postdoctoral research in climate economics and policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science and holds a doctorate in Atmospheric Physics from Imperial College London.

Tony is Executive Director in the Climate Risk and Resilience team at Howden, and head of climate transition advisory. He helps organisations plan and achieve their climate goals, to identify and manage climate risks, and then optimise returns from their transition investments.  

Tony has over 25 years global experience in strategy advisory, risk management, disclosure and programme delivery, with over 18 years as a leader and expert in climate change, environment and sustainability issues affecting businesses and financial institutions. Prior to Howden, Tony was Head of Transition Finance and Transition Planning at the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ), Senior Director for Transition Risk at WTW, and Global Technical Director for the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), the world’s largest environmental disclosure platform. He has contributed to regulatory, policy and industry work including transition planning and transition finance standards (the UK’s Transition Planning Taskforce and GFANZ), the reporting standards (EU EFRAG, CDSB, CDP, TCFD), and strategic use of models, pathways and scenarios (International Energy Agency (IEA), NGFS, MPP, CFRF, GFANZ).  

Tony is a member of GARP and on Sustainability and Climate Risk (SCR) certification advisory committee. He is additionally a fellow of both the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) and the Royal Society of Arts, Commerce and Manufacture (RSA).

Sepi is a Chartered Accountant with over 20 years of advisory policy and stakeholder management experience in Australia and the UK. Her experience in accounting policy transaction advisory and audit comes from working at international organisations including Morgan Stanley BNP Paribas and KPMG. Sepi has also worked in sustainability-related matters including providing expert evidence to the UK House of Lords and UNESCO. She holds a Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration from the University of Jyväskylä Finland.

John Scott is Head of Sustainability Risk for the Zurich Insurance Group. For the last fifteen years, in his roles as CRO for Commercial Insurance and as Head of Sustainability Risk, John has increasingly focused on global risks, in particular climate change risk. John is on the Advisory Board to the World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Risks Report and has contributed to every WEF Global Risk Report since 2005. He is also on the WEF Advisory Board for the Energy Transition Initiative and the IEA (International Energy Agency) Finance Institution Advisory Board, fostering a dialogue between the IEA and the finance community on clean energy transitions. 

In the UK John is an Honorary Professor at the Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction at University College London (UCL) and is a member of the Expert Advisory Group (EAG) on Sustainability for the Institute of Directors.

Matt Scott is a leading global authority on greening finance and leads day-to-day management of the CGFI team. He is based at the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University.

Joining CGFI from the Climate Resilience Hub at WTW, Matt previously established and led the Bank of England’s Climate Hub, including setting out the formative physical, transition and liability framework for climate risk, and played a key role in mobilising the Central Bank and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS).

Matt also led the design and delivery of the UK’s landmark 2019 Green Finance Strategy, and helped to establish and co-chair the G20’s Green Finance Study Group. He co-chairs the disclosure framework workstream of the Transition Plan Taskforce (TPT) Delivery Group, for which CGFI is joint Secretariat.

Matt has been an Associate Fellow at Oxford’s Said Business School for close to a decade, including establishing the Oxford Seed Fund in 2012 and developing programmes in Sustainable Leadership for students across the University.

Dr. Nina Seega is the Director of the Centre for Sustainable Finance at the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL). The Centre incorporates CISL’s finance industry groups to provide the insight and cooperation needed to advance policy and market practices including; the Banking Environment Initiative (created in 2010 by CEOs of some of the world’s largest banks) ClimateWise (set up in 2007 for global insurance), and the Investment Leaders Group (leading investment managers and asset owners with over $9 trillion under management).

Dr. Andrew Smith is the Chief Operations Officer at Fathom responsible for ensuring that long-term strategies are implemented through day-to-day operations. He is also one of Fathom’s co-founders having formed the company whilst undertaking his PhD at the University of Bristol. Since its inception Andrew has overseen the company’s rapid growth in headcount as well as the development of flood maps and models that span the globe and are utilized by organizations and government departments across many markets. Today Andrew remains an active research scientist with a scholarly portfolio that covers various aspects of climate change risk modelling and modelling floods over large scales.

Dylan founded InfluenceMap in 2015 and has overall responsibility for its global operations. Prior to this, Dylan established a market-leading environmental consultancy in Tokyo which is now ERM Japan. Dylan grew and led a 50-person team engaging in a wide variety of corporate and technical advisory work in Japan and Asia covering environmental audits, land remediation, corporate sustainability, and climate strategies. Dylan grew up in Japan and is currently living in London. He holds an MSc in Environmental Technology from Imperial College and a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics from Kings College London.

Liesl is an experienced data and policy analyst working for the biodiversity data firm NatureAlpha. In this role she has cultivated an extensive knowledge of nature disclosures and has developed scenarios for biodiversity change in the context of physical and transition risk as part of NatureAlpha's pioneering Nature Value at Risk product. Liesl also has an master's degree in Marine Biology and is working towards a PhD in multiple marine anthropogenic pressures.

Nico van der Merwe is the Chief Executive Officer for Signify UK and Ireland (formerly Philips Lighting), a position he has held since February 2023. Nico has two decades of experience in international business, leading and transforming strategic businesses. He started his career in Sub-Saharan Africa, where he worked in sales, marketing and general management roles, before taking the position of Vice President Channel Development - Europe, based in France. Throughout his international career, Nico has demonstrated a track record of developing and implementing new business models and delivering sustainable results.

Prior to Signify, Nico spent 15 years at Schneider Electric in various roles, most recently as Vice President for Home & Distribution UK&I. He holds the position of Chairman at Voltimum UK, an online leading digital media business and sales enabler for the electrical industry. In addition, he is also a director at ETIM, the global industry standard for technical product data – an initiative by the Electrical Distributors’ Association (EDA) and the Builders Merchants Federation (BMF).

Nico holds a Bachelor of Commerce, a Postgraduate in Financial Management and a Postgraduate Honours Degree in Marketing from the University of Johannesburg. He also holds a Postgraduate Diploma in Management from Henley Business School.

Sjoerd van der Zwaag is currently Senior Sustainable Finance Officer at the Dutch Central Bank (DNB). Sjoerd is part of DNB’s Sustainable Finance Office a central hub that coordinates the implementation of the DNB Sustainable Finance Strategy. As Lead Nature he is responsible for coordinating DNB’s nature-related efforts beyond climate. Sjoerd is also lead for the conceptual framework team of the NGFS Task Force on Biodiversity Loss and Nature-related Risks and advisor to the DNB co-chair of that task force.

Oliver joined the Bank as its first Head of Biodiversity in March 2023, with responsibility for working across the group to further integrate biodiversity considerations into the firm’s business activities and decision-making. 

Oliver most recently served as Global Head of Biodiversity at Credit Suisse, where he helped integrate biodiversity considerations across the firm’s four business divisions and global functions and worked on transactions including the world’s first wildlife conservation bond, the ‘rhino bond’, and several landmark sovereign debt for nature swaps. 

Prior to joining Credit Suisse, Oliver served as Head of Conservation Finance and Enterprise at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), with ultimate responsibility for programmes to deliver biodiversity impact across both the blue and green economies. Oliver began his career in financial services, where he became the head of asset management for a pan-African investment bank before pursuing a career in sustainable and biodiversity finance. 

Oliver is a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London and an invited member of the UN Global Compact Ocean Investment Protocol Steering Committee. Oliver read economics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, which is where he was born, and a MSc Finance (Economic Policy) from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. 

Dimitri Zenghelis is a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics, Special Advisor for the Wealth Economy Project at the Bennett Institute, University of Cambridge, and Partner at Independent Economics. He headed the Stern Review Team at the Office of Climate Change and was a lead author on the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. Previously he was Head of Economic Forecasting at HM Treasury.

Dimitri Zenghelis is Special Advisor for the Wealth Economy Project, Bennett Institute, University of Cambridge and a Senior Visiting Fellow at the at the Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics. He headed the Stern Review Team at the Office of Climate Change and was a lead author on the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. Previously he was Head of Economic Forecasting at HM Treasury.

Climate Bonds Initiative (Climate Bonds) is an international not-for-profit organisation working to mobilise global capital for climate action.

Climate Bonds has played a central role in transforming the green bond market from a niche concept to a mainstream source of capital for sustainable development, driving quality of issuance through the development of science-based green definitions in line with the Paris Agreement.

Climate Bonds was created with a vision to mobilise institutional investors to counter the short-termism and vested interests that infect politics and finance and undermine action on climate change. With a mission to mobilise global capital for climate action, Climate Bonds aims to educate, inspire, convene, and steer a global collaboration of institutional investors, governments, development banks and industry to shift capital toward low-carbon and resilient investments.

Howden is a leading global insurance intermediary group with employee ownership at its heart. Founded in 1994, it operates in 50 countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, the USA, Australia and New Zealand, employing 16,000 people and handling $38bn of premium on behalf of clients. 

XDI (Cross Dependency Initiative) is part of The Climate Risk Group, a group of companies committed to quantifying and communicating the costs of climate change. The team behind XDI was established in 2007, making the group the world's longest standing independent specialist in physical climate risk and adaptation analytics. Today, XDI is and the largest provider of physical climate risk analysis to banks in the world and is an international company with offices in Europe and Australia.